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Main Coconut Products

Production Process of Coconut Oil

The dry process

Coconut oil is one of the main traditional products derived from the meat or kernel. It is a mixture of chemical compounds called glycerides containing fatty acids and glycerol. The different fatty acids present in coconut range from C6-C18 carbon atom chains.
Coconut oil processing methods or technologies are classified into two major types: the dry and the wet processes. The oil extraction technology which starts with copra as the raw material is termed as the dry process, while the method that uses fresh coconuts as starting material is generally called the wet process.
Dry processing of meat for oil production involves the conversion of coconut meat into copra prior to expelling and refining. This process is however done off-farm, in an oil mill. At the mill, the copra undergoes the following steps:
1) Cleaning: Copra is cleaned of metals, dirt and other foreign matter
2) Crushing: Copra is broken into fine particle sizes
3) Cooking/Conditioning: The crushed copra that has about 5-6 percent moisture is passed through a steam-heated cooker. This brings the temperature of the copra to the conditioning temperature of about 104oC (220oF). At the conditioner, the copra is maintained at about 104-110oC (220-230oF) for about 30 minutes to insure uniform heat penetration before oil extraction. Moderately high temperature facilitates the expelling action. Oil is able to flow out more easily due to decrease in viscosity proteins and other substances present in the copra. Heating dries and shrinks these substances. Moisture content of copra is about 3 percent when it leaves the conditioner.
4) Oil extraction: In the expeller, the milled copra is subjected to high-pressure oil extraction. The temperature of the oil should be kept at about 93-102oC (200-215oF) to produce light coloured oil and effect good extraction.
5) Screening: The oil extracted in the expeller flows into the screening tanks to remove the entrained foots from the oil. While travelling across the screen, oil is drained out of the foots. The filtered oil flows into a surge tank from where it is finally pumped to the coconut oil storage tank.
6) Filtration: The oil is passed through a plate and frame filter press to further remove the solids in the oil. Two filter presses are provided - one on duty while the other is being cleaned and dressed. Maximum filtering pressures reach about 60 psi. The filtered oil flows into a surge tank from where it is finally pumped to the coconut oil storage tank.

Coconut oil produced from good quality copra is clear, low in fatty acid and has good coconut aroma. However crude coconut oil from bad quality copra is dark; turbid; high in free fatty acids (FFA), phosphatides and gums; has an unpleasant odour. To render this oil edible, it has to undergo a refining process. Refining consists of neutralization, bleaching and deodorizing

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