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General
Information:
Coconut
is always an inviting symbol of the tropics.
People call coconut a tree of life.
World
Market Overview:
In these days, the coconut industry is facing
the problem of decreasing prices in all coconut-based
products. A main cause is oversupply of global
output. However, there is an opportunity for
the industry to recover around the end of
2001.
Thai Market Overview:
Thailand can export coconut and their products
much more because the coconut production of
the two biggest producers declined. |
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Nature
of Coconut
The latin name for the coconut is Cocos
Nucifera Linn. Coconut trunks are slender
and slightly swollen at the base. There are
two main types of coconut trees, based upon
their stature - tall or dwarf. Coconuts are
widely available all year round throughout
the tropics. |
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World
Growing Area:
In 1996, the total area used for the production
of coconuts globally was estimated to be 11
million hectares, 93% of which is located
in the Asia-Pacific region.
Thailand's
Growing Area:
Prachuap Khiri Khan province is the biggest
producer with 482,524 rais in year 1998.
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Farming
Seednuts should be medium-sized and nearly
spherical in shape. Soil should be sandy or
light loamy, free from water logging mixed
with dried or rotten leaves and ash from burnt
fresh coconut husks. It can be planted
any time of the year, but preferably at start
of rainy season.
Fertilization
The most common fertilizer combination
is AS plus KCl thus supplying the four nutrients
widely deficient in coconut soils: N, K2O,
Cl and S.
Harvesting
& Storage
Harvesting is done throughout the year. Trees
begin to yield fruit in 5-6 years, more likely
7-9 years, and reach full bearing in 12-13
years.
Coconuts may be held for weeks without
serious loss at appropriate temperature. |
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Type
of Product
Almost every part of coconut palm is used.
As a result,there are many products made from
coconut both processed and unprocessed such
as coconut in shell,coconut oil,coconut milk
& cream & powder,copra, desiccated coconut,
copra meal, coconut sugar,canned coconut juice,
jelly (nata de coco), kernel,young coconut
heart, palm cabbage and toddy.
Types
of Product Packaging
• Styles of Coconut juices
Pure Natural Coconut Water,Coconut Juice with
Pulp,Coconut Juice with Jelly
• Styles of Young Coconut Heart
Marinated in brine, Marinated in salt, Marinated
in soy sauce, Marinated in fermented bean
and Marinated in vinegar
• Styles of Young Coconut Milk/Cream
UHT, Pasteurize, High Fat, Regular Fat, Medium
Fat,Low Fat
• Styles of Desiccated Coconut
Macaroon, Medium, Extra Fine, Chips, Natural
Blend,Coarse, Slice, Chip, Mill Run Chip,
Standard Shred,Tender Flake, Extra Fancy Shred
and Special Long Thread
• Packaging Container Styles
Plastic case/can/trey/bag, Cellophane, Metal
can,Paper can, Laminated-film-bag with zip,
Metal can,Glass container, Retort pouch, Bag-in-box,
Aluminum tray with carton lid, Laminated-film-case,
Laminated-carton-box(UHT processed), Carton
box
World
Production
• World Production of coconut
(data are not updated) Thailand is one
of the world top ten coconut producers, approximately
2.14%* of world coconut output in 1996.
• World Production of copra (data
are not updated) Thailand is one of the world
largest copra producers with 6%* of the world
production in 1995/96.
• World production of Coconut Oil
The world production statistics of coconut
oil in year 1998,1999 and 2000(forecast) show
the fact that Thailand is one of the world
biggest producers, who accounts for 2%* of
the global output.
*The Percentage of Thailand's market share
in the world coconut trade seems to be small
because the coconut output from major producers
(Indonesia, Philippines and India) is relatively
a lot higher.
Thailand's
Production
• Coconut Production by provinces
Main coconut producing provinces are Prachuap
Khiri Khan, Suratthani, Pattani, Narathiwat,
Samutsakorn, Samutsongkram and Samutprakarn.
Prachuab Khiri Khan can yield the highest
coconut produce amounting to 300 million nuts
in total.
• Whole Kingdom's Coconut Production
(data are not updated) The production figures
of coconuts during the period of 1988-1997
justify that Thailand reaches about 1,386
million tons of coconut.
• Quantity Index of Coconut Compared
with Other Crops (data are not updated)
Production quantity index of coconut compared
with soybeans, groundnuts, oil palm, castor
and sesame, 1997/98 coconut production is
much higher than other crops except oil palm.
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The
Percentage of Exports Markets for Thai Coconut
Hong Kong 45.58%, U.S.A. 34.58%, Singapore 6.83%,
Japan 4.94%, Canada 1.79%, France 1.36%, Australia
1.24%, Taiwan 1.12%
The Percentage
of Exports Markets for Thai Copra
Malaysia 71.02%, Indonesia 26.54%, Taiwan 1.35%,
Myanmar 0.64%, Laos 0.32%, Netherlands 0.12%
The Percentage
of Exports Markets for Thai Desiccated Coconut
Singapore 74.78%, U.S.A. 13.01%, Netherlands 8.7%,
Japan 1.14%, France 0.86%, South Africa 0.77%, Norway
0.7%
World
Coconut Imports
China 27.91%, U.S.A. 12.84%, Hong Kong 10.75%, United
Arab Emirates 3.65%, Netherlands 3.64%, Germany
3.29%, Canada 2.94%, France 2.70%
World
Copra Meal Imports
South Korea 35.34%, Belgium 14.35%, Italy 9.73%,
Spain 7.53%, Netherlands 5.72%, Ireland 4.85%, UK
4.74%
World
Coconut Oil Imports
EU-15 50.93%, U.S.A. 32.84%, Malaysia 4.72%, South
Korea 4.03%, East Europe 3.83%, Singapore 3.64%
Market share for each type of coconut
World Market Share
World Major Producers
The Names and Addresses of some of the Major Coconut
Growers and Processors. |
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Thailand's
Prices
• Thailand
Farm Price Index of Coconut compare with other
crops
• Thailand
Farm Value Index of Coconut compare with other
crops
• Monthly
Farm Price of Large Dried Coconut in shell
• Monthly
Farm Price of Large Fresh Coconut in shell
• Monthly
Farm Price of Mixed Dried Coconut in shell
• Monthly
Farm Price of Small Dried Coconut in shell
• Monthly
Farm Price of Copra grade C
• Monthly
Farm Price of Copra grade B
• Monthly
Farm Price of Copra grade A
• Monthly
Farm Price of Copra (90-92%)
• Monthly
Farm Price of Raw Coconut Oil
World
Market Prices
• World
Market Price of Coconut
• World
Market price of Coconut Oil
• World
Coconut in shell Export / Import Prices (data
are not updated)
• World
Coconut oil Export / Import Prices
(data are not updated)
• World
Copra Export / Import Prices
(data are not updated) |
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World
Consumption of Coconut Oil
1999 world consumption of coconut oil was
approximately 2,803 thousand tons and consumption
figure projected for 2000 is about 2,955 thousand
tons.
World
Consumption of Copra Meal
1999 world consumption of copra meal was
around 1,384 thousand tons and consumption
forecast for 2000 is roughly 1,710 thousand
tons.
Average
World Consumption of Coconut Oil & Copra Meal
during the 5 Years (1997-2001) (data
are not updated)
Large players in coconut consumption are Europe,
USA and Indonesia. |
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Main
Coconut Products
• Production
Process of Coconut Milk & Cream
Grating Adding
watersqueezingstrainingCooling
• Production
Process of Coconut Oil
CleaningCrushingCookingOil
extractionScreeningFiltration
• Production
Process of Desiccated Coconut
DehiscingWashingSterilizingShredding
Desiccating
• Production
Process of Copra
CrackingLeaving
in the sunExtractingBaking
or Leaving in the sun
• Production Process of Coconut Juice
(in cans/bottles)
Coconut -
based Products
• Production
Process of Coconut Water-Vinegar
StrainingAdding
sugarPasteurizingCooling&InoculatingFermentingAdding
starterStirringFermenting
• Production
Process of Jelly(nata de coco)
Mixing ingredientsFillingFermentingHarvestingCleaningSoakingCuttingDrainingChecking
• Production
Process of Moulded Coconut Sugar
TappingFilteringTransferringBoilingHeatingCoolingMoulding
• Production
Process of Coconut Jam
DehiscingCuttingGratingExtractingStrainingMixing
sugarBoilingStirringStraining
• Production
Process of Coconut Yogurt
Preparing starterPouringIncubatingStoring
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General
Problems for Thai Industry
Coconut production is oversupplied, Low
coconut prices, Markets are saturated, Productions
are left rotten, Trade barrier, Labor force
problems, Inadequate guidance to producers
Pest
and Diseases
Coconuts are subject to numerous fungal
diseases, bacterial infections, and other
diseases. Also, Coconuts are attacked by numerous
nematodes and some insect pests. |
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